HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) are interconnected but represent different stages of the infection.
The virus known as HIV specifically targets CD4 T cells, a subset of white blood cells vital to the immune system. HIV replicates by occupying these cells, causing the immune system to gradually deteriorate. HIV gradually reduces CD4 cells if treatment is not received, increasing the body's susceptibility to infections and illnesses. However, individuals with HIV can effectively manage the virus, preserve their immune system, and live a long life without developing AIDS if they receive early diagnosis and modern antiretroviral therapy (ART).
The most severe stage of HIV infection, known as AIDS, is brought on by a severely weakened immune system, usually when a person's CD4 cell count falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (a healthy count is between 500 and 1,600). At this point, the body is vulnerable to certain cancers or opportunistic infections that a robust immune system would normally be able to combat. These infections have the potential to become fatal if left untreated.
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